verb + ing ( ???+ ing ) ?? ???? ???????
???? ing ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????: ??? + ing ?????? present participle ( ??? ??????? ??? ???)? ??? ? gerund ( ??? ????) ?? ??????. ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??? :
??? + ing ?? ???? present participle ??????? ?????.
??? + ing ?? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????.
??? + ing ?? ?? ????? gerund ??????? ?????.
1 ) ??? + ing ?????? present participle
???? ??? + ing ????? present participle ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????.? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????.
Examples:
Three balloons are rising steadily into the sky.
A noisy crowd is watching two cocks fight in a cockpit.
The burglars were stealing from drawers.
In the sentences, rising, watching and stealing are present participles.
?? ??? ????? rising , watching ,stealing ? (??? ??????? ??? ???) present participle ?????.
???? ??? ????? ?? ??? + ing ?????? present participle :
She is still crying.
The two dogs are barking at the clown.
A small dog was chasing a big cat.
The sisters were window-shopping.
What am I doing? Cant you see I am thinking?!
?????? ??? + ing ?????? present participle ?? ????:
Examples:
present participle ??????? ??? ?? ………….. ?????:
??? + ing ?????? present participle ??? ?????
He is scratching his head.
Father and son are throwing and catching a ball on the beach.
????
We are all getting older.
Jack and Jill are becoming close friends.
??? + ing ?????? present participle ??? ?? ????? ? ????
His behaviour is making her angry. (Object: her; complement: angry)
Mum and dad are buying us ice creams.
???
The whole family are gathering together in a lift.
Abu is riding a camel alone in the desert.
??? + ??? ????? +( ??? + ing ?????? present participle)
Examples:
I apologized for stepping on her toes.
They finally decided on robbing a smaller bank.
Sometimes Jack and Jill think of going up the hill.
Shes going to concentrate on winning the game.
Present participle ??? ?? ??? ???
???? ?? ???? ?? present participle ? ??? ??? ???? ? present participle ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???. ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????.
Examples:
Our boss went to play golf in spite of feeling unwell..
Johnny has not been seen since leaving home this morning..
She is paid well for cleaning the office.
When leaving his bedroom, he never fails to turn off the light.
We always have some hot drink after swimming.
???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????
?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ? ???? ????? ??? ? ???? ???? ing ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???.
Examples:
Pointing at the bright object in the sky, he shouted Look! UFO!
Rowing the boat upstream, we puffed and panted.
Diving into the water, he swam to the other side of the pool..
Picking up a stone, the boy threw it at a passing train. .
???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????
???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ? ing ??? ?????? ??? ? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? participle ???? ( dangling participle ) ??????.
Examples:
After drinking for three hours, the sky began to get dark.
( ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? sky ???
?????:
After drinking for three hours, we saw/noticed the sky begin to get dark.)
Looking at the sky, black clouds are spreading.
( ?????:
: Looking at the sky, I saw black clouds spread across the sky.)
??? ???? ??? + ????? ?????? + present participle
?? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ? ing ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????. ???????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? present participle ??????? ???? ? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????.
Examples:
We watched them fighting in the street.
We watched them fight in the street.
I saw a couple of ducks waddling along the river bank..
I saw a family of ducks waddle along the river bank.
I heard a clock ticking somewhere in the house.
I heard a clock tick somewhere in the house.
This photo shows him riding the farmer’s cow.
This photo shows him ride the farmer’s cow.
Someone caught him stealing a cookie from the cookie jar.
Someone caught him steal a cookie from the cookie jar.
??????? ?? while :
?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? while ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????. ???????? ?? while ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???.
Examples:
We watched them while they were fighting in the street.
I saw a couple of ducks while they were waddling along the river..
I heard a clock while it was ticking somewhere in the house.
This photo shows him while he was riding the farmers cow.
Someone caught him while he was stealing a cookie from the cookie jar.
??????? ?? with
???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? with ??????? ?????.
Examples:
He walked a long distance with sweat trickling down his face.
With a helicopter appearing above them, they thought it was probably patrolling the coastal waters.
With the sky clearing, we knew we had the opportunity to go fishing.
آخرین دیدگاهها