????? ??? ?? ?????? (dummy or delexical verbs) ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????. ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? (??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???) ? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???. ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??:
have
take
make
give
go
do
I took a shower. = I showered.
?? ??? ?????.
She had a drink. = She drank something.
?? ?? ???? ?????.
???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????:
I took a cold shower.
?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????.
She had a nice, refreshing drink.
?? ?? ??????? ??? ? ????? ?????.
??? ??? have
?? ??? have ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????. ?? ????????? ??? ????????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ????:
??? ? ???????: a meal, breakfast, lunch, dinner, a snack, a cup of tea
???????: a chat, a conversation, a discussion, a talk
???????: a bath, a shower, a wash, a scrub
??????? ????: a break, a holiday, a rest
?????? ????: an argument, a dispute, a fight, a quarrel
I had a good breakfast before I left home.
??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????.
We had a long talk about the problem.
?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??????.
The kids should have a bath before they go to bed.
??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ????.
She generally had a short holiday in July or August.
?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????.
They had a serious quarrel about their fathers will.
???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??????.
??? have ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? (????? … ???? ??? ??? ?????) ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ? ?? ???? ?????:
I think you should have a look at this.
?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????.
She had a bite of the cake.
?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????.
Im thirsty. Im going to have a drink of water.
?? ???? ????. ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????.
I had a listen to that new CD in the car.
?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????.
They are going to have a swim.
???? ???? ??? ??? ????.
??? ??? take
??? take ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????. ?? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ????:
???????: a bath, a shower, a wash
??????? ????: a break, a holiday, a rest
I always take a cold shower in the morning.
?? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???????.
You look tired. You need to take a break.
?? ???? ?? ??? ?????. ???? ??????? ???.
?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? take ??????? ???????:
care a turn trouble
care of turns the trouble
a decision a photograph a chance
a risk
We took hundreds of photographs on holiday.
?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ??????.
Jane always takes care of her baby sister.
“???” ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??????.
?????? ?? ??? have ?? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????? (??? … look, bite)? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ????:
I think you should take a look at this.
?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????.
Lets take a walk.
??? ??? ??? ?????.
They are going to take a swim.
???? ???? ??? ??? ????.
??? ??? give
?? ??? give ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????. ?? ????? ??? ????????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ????:
?? ? ?????: a cry, a laugh, a scream, a shout, a whistle
????? ????: a smile, a grin, a look, a glance
???? ???: a kick, a punch, a slap, a push, a knock, a blow
????? ???? ????: a hug, a kiss, a stroke
???????: some advice, an answer, some information, an interview, a lecture, some news, a report, a speech, a talk, a warning
She gave a loud laugh.
?? ???? ?????.
John gave a happy smile.
“???” ????? ???? ??.
He gave me a nasty kick on the leg.
??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??.
She gave the children a goodnight kiss and put them to bed.
??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????? ? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ?????.
I have to give a speech at the meeting tomorrow.
???? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???.
??? ??? make
?? ??? make ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????. ?? ????????? ??? ????????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ????:
??????? ? ?? ? ???: a comment, an inquiry, a noise, a point, a promise, a sound, a speech, a suggestion
?????????: arrangements, a choice, a decision, a plan, plans, an appointment, a date
Try not to make a noise.
??? ???? ?? ? ??? ?????.
They made arrangements to meet the next day.
???? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ????.
??? ??? go
?? ????? go ?? ????? ing-??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ??????? ??????? ????:
We usually go walking at the weekend.
?? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??????.
He goes running every evening after supper.
?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??????.
Mums out. Shes gone shopping.
????? ????? ???. ?? ???? ???? ???.
?? ????? “go far a” ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???? ? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????.
go for a jog
go for a ride
go for a swim
go for a run
go for a stroll
go for a walk
I want to get out of here. Lets go for a walk.
?? ???????? ?? ????? ????. ??? ????? ??? ?????.
Hes gone for a ride on his bike.
?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???.
??? ??? do
?? ????? do the ?? ?? ??? ing??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????:
Its your turn to do the cooking.
???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????.
You do the washing up and Ill do the drying.
??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????.
??????? ?? ??? ?? ??? do ??????? ???? ??? ing-??? ?????:
I need to do a few jobs around the house.
?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???.
I cant come out this evening. I have a lot of work to do.
???? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????.
?????? ?? ??? do ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ? ???? ???? ? ????? ??? do ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????:
Ill have to do my hair before we go out. = Ill have to brush my hair.
??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???.
Have you done your teeth? = Have you cleaned your teeth?
??? ?????????? ?? ????? ???????
??? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? “?Have you done the car” ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????:
?Have you washed the car (??? ????? ?? ????????)
?Have you mended the car (??? ????? ?? ????? ????????)
?Have you put petrol in the car (??? ????? ?? ????? ???????)
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