?????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??????

?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? to ???? ??????. ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? to ????.

?????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???

????? ????	**guarantee	??????? ?????	afford
??? ????	*happen	????? ????	*agree
????? ????	hasten	?? ??? ?????	aim
????? ????	have	?? ??? ?????	**appear
????? ????	hesitate	????? ????	**arrange
??????? ????	*hope	???? ???? ?????? ????	bother
??? ?????	learn	??? ?????	care

?? ?? ?? ??????	long	???? ????	*claim
???? ???	manage	??? ?????	condescend
??????? ????	offer	????? ????	consent
???? ???? ?? ???	prepare	????? ?????	*decide
?????? ????	*pretend	??????? ????	*demand
????? ????	proceed	????? ?????	*determine
??? ????	*promise	???? ????	endeavour
??? ?????	propose	???? ?????	fail

????? ?????	tend	????? ????	prove
????? ????	threaten*	?????? ????	refuse
?? ????? ???????	trouble	????? ?????	resolve*
????? ???	undertake	???? ????	seek
?????? ???	volunteer	???? ?????	seem**
??? ????	vow*	??? ??????	strive
		??? ?????	swear*

?????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? * ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ???? that ?? (that-clause) ??? ????? ????. ?????? ?? ?? ** ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ???? that ?? (that-clause) ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? it ????.

???? 1:

I hope to see you next week.
(.???????? ???? ????? ??????)

I hope that I�ll see you next week.
(.???????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?????)

He claimed to be an expert.
(.?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ???)

He claimed that she was an expert.
(.?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ???)

I managed to reach the top of the hill.
(.?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????)

Would you care to swim?
(??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??????)

???? 2:

It appeared that no-one had locked the door.
(.????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???)
He appeared to be lost.
(.???? ?????? ?? ??? ????)

It seems that she is running late.
(.????? ?? ?? ??? ??????)
She seems to be running late.
(.????? ??? ???? ????)

?????? ?? ?? ??? ? ???? ?? to (???? ?? to + ???) ????? ?? ????.

????? ????	direct*	???? ????	accustom
????? ????	drive	??? ????	aid
???? ????	empower	????? ????	appoint
???? ?????	enable	??? ????	assist
????? ????	encourage	??? ???	cause
????? ????	entice	?? ?????? ??????	challenge
????? ????	entitle	????? ????	command*
?????? ????	entreat	?? ???? ?????	defy

????? ????	lead	????? ????	force
?????? ????	leave	?????? ????	get
????? ????	oblige	?????? ????	implore*
????? ????	order*	????? ????	incite
?????? ????	persuade*	??????? ????	induce
????? ????	press	????? ????	inspire
???? ???	prompt	????? ????	instruct*
????? ????	provoke	???? ????	invite

????	tell	???? ????	remind*
????? ????	tempt	????? ????	require*
??????? ????	trust	????? ????	stimulate
????? ????	warn*	????? ????	summon
		??? ????	teach

????:

The professor challenged his students to argue with his theory.
(.????? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ????.)
This law empowers the government to charge higher taxes.
(.??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??�??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???.)
You can�t force me to do something I don�t agree with.
(.??? ???�?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?????.)
I invited the new student to have dinner with me.
(.?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?????.)
What inspired you to write this poem?
(.?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????)

???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? to ?? ???? ???? that ??????? ???????. ??? ????? ??????? ??: command, direct, entreat, implore, order, require, trust

????:

I trust you to tell the truth.
(.?? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??????.)
I trust that you are telling the truth.
(.?? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??�?????.)

The general commanded his men to surrender.
(.????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????.)
The general commanded that his men surrender.
(.????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ????.)

???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? that ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????. ??? ????? ??????? ??: persuade, remind

????:

You can�t persuade people to buy small cars.
(.??? ???�?????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????.)
You can�t persuade people that small cars are better.
(.??? ???�?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????�??? ???? ???? ?????.)

He reminded me to take my notebook to school.
(.?? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ??????�?? ?? ?? ????? ????.)
He reminded me that I would need my notebook.
(.?? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????.)

?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? that ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ???. ??? ????? ??????? ??: instruct, teach, warn

????:

She taught her students to appreciate poetry.
(.?? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??????.)
She taught her students that poetry was valuable.
(.?? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???.)
She taught that poetry was valuable.
(?? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???.)

?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ????.

?????? ?????	expect*	??????? ????	ask*
??? ????	help	????? ????	beg*
??? ?????	mean*	?????? ????	choose
??????? ????	request*	???? ????	dare
??????	want	??????? ????	desire*
??????	wish*	?????? ????	elect

????:

I asked him to show me the book.
(.?? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???.)
I asked to see the book.
(.?????? ???? ?? ?????.)

She helped me to put away the dishes.
(.?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???�?? ?? ???? ??????.)
She helped to put away the dishes.
(.?? ??? ??? ?? ???�?? ?? ???? ???????.)

We expect you to do your best in the exam.
(.?? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ????? ????.)
We expect to do well on our exams.
(.?? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ????.)

Do you want to go to the beach?
(??? ??�?????? ?? ???? ??????)
Do you want me to go with you to the beach?
(??? ????????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????)

????:
?? ????? ???? ? ????? ?? ???? ?? to ? ?? ???? ???? to ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? to ????? ???. ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? to ??????? ???.

????:

I never dared tell him what happened.
(?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???.)

?? ??? ???? ????? ???? (I) ???? ?? ?? ??? (dared, tell) ????? ???? ???????? ?? ?? ?? ???? (tell, to tell) ??????? ??????? ???.

Do you dare tell him?
(???? ???? ??? ????)

?? ??? ???? ?????? ???? (you) ???? ?? ?? ??? (dare, tell) ????? ???? ???????? ?? ?? ?? ???? (tell, to tell) ??????? ??????? ???.

Would you dare (to) jump out of a plane?
(??? ???? ????? (?? ???????) ????? ??????)

?? ??? ???? ?????? ???? (you) ???? ?? ?? ??? (dare, jump) ????? ???? ???????? ?? ?? ?? ???? (jump, to jump) ??????? ??????? ???.

I dare you to tell him the truth.
(.???? ??�??? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??????.)

?? ??? ???? ????? ???? (I, you) ???? ?? ??? (dare, tell) ????? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ?? to ??????? ???.

She dared me to jump off the wall.
(.?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ????.)

?? ??? ???? ????? ???? (she, me) ???? ?? ??? (dared, jump) ????? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ?? to ??????? ???.