????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????????. ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???. ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? ? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ? ????? ?? ???. ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???. ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ? ?? ?????!
????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??????. ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ? ?? ???? ????. (?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????). ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ????? “???? ?????” (middle voice) ?????? ??????.
????? ????? ??????? ?? ????
????? ?? ????? ????????? (reflexive pronouns)
????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??????.
????:
| I accidentally burned myself with the hairdryer. (Myself refers to the subject, I.) |
| The baby is smiling at herself in the mirror. (Herself refers to the subject, the baby.) |
| The problem seems to have worked itself out in the end. (Itself refers to the subject, the problem.) |
???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? (reflexive) ????? ??????.
?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????:
| I accidentally burned him with the hairdryer. |
| The baby is smiling at her in the mirror. |
????? ??????? ?? ????? ????
???? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????. ?????????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???. ????:
| My father is shaving in the bathroom. |
| She always stretches before doing yoga. |
| Children, please keep quiet! |
????? ???? ? ???????
?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???????. ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? (?? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???) ??????? ??? ? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????. ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? (?? ?? ????? ?????? ?????) ??????? ??? ????. ????:
| My sisters lunch is cooking on the stove. |
| This car doesnt drive smoothly anymore. |
| Her engagement ring broke in half. |
?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?? (????? ??????? ??? ????? ? ???? ?????? ??) ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ??? (???? ??) ??? ?????. ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????.
????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???????
???? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????. ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???. ????:
| He decided to apply himself to the work at hand. |
| She applied pressure to the wound. |
| They found themselves without a leader. |
| We found the solution we were looking for. |
| Please, help yourself to the food. |
| Please help your brother with his homework. |
?? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????. ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???.
??? ???
?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ? ???? ?? ????? ??????? (reflexive verbs) ???? ???? ? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ????. ?? ???? ???? ??? ? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ????. ??? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ? ?? ????? ???.
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