وجه وصفی معلق در زبان انگلیسی dangling participle
وقتی در جمله ای کلمه ای وجود ندارد که participle ان را وصف کند، یا بطور غیر عمدی ، participle ای کلمه ای را بجای کلمه دیگری توصیف کند -که معمولا قرار بوده فاعل جمله توصیف شود- dangling participle ایجاد میشود.
Dangling participle ممکن است تک participle یا عبارت participial باشد.
Participle ها معمولا در ابتدای جمله قرار میگیرند تا اسم یا ضمیر بعد از خود را توصیف کنند.
مثال:
نادرست: Strolling along the beach, raindrops fell on my skin.
درست: Strolling along the beach, I could feel raindrops falling on my skin.
(در جمله اول عبارت participial strolling along the beach قرار بوده نهاد را توصیف کند ولی نهاد صحیحی وجود ندارد و اشتباها raindropsتوصیف شده. در جمله دوم اشتباهات تصحیح شده.)
نادرست: Running quickly downstairs, a misstep caused him to fall.
درست: Running quickly downstairs, he made a misstep that caused him to fall.
نادرست: Building a new tunnel through the mountain, the initial section of the tunnel had to be dug by hand.
درست: Building a new tunnel through the mountain, the workers had to dig the initial section of the tunnel by hand.
سه جمله زیر dangling participle ندارند.
Standing trial for the murder of a judge, the accused told the judge (not the murdered judge, of course) that he acted in self-defence/self-defense.
Lying about two miles outside the town, my uncle’s dairy farm produces speciality/specialty cheeses.
Having checked into the hotel, the whole family went for a walk along the beachfront.
مثال های بیشتر:
He chased the monkey with his hat.
(He chased the monkey wearing his hat or the monkey had his hat?)
درست: Wearing his hat, he chased the monkey.
Participle باید کنار اسمی که توصیف میکندقرار گیرد. )
Doctor Dolt was chased by a big black bull cycling across the field.
( اینطور برداشت میبشود که گاو دور مزرعه چرخ سواری میکرده نه دکتر Dolt .)
Cycling across the field, Doctor Dolt was chased by a big black bull.
اینطور تصحیح میشود:
Doctor Dolt cycling across the field was chased by a big black bull..
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