???? ?? to ?? ???? ???????

?? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? to ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? Infinitive  ???????. ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ????? ing- ??????? ?? ???? ? ?? ???? Gerund  ???????. ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?? to ?? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??????. ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???.

????? ???? ?? ???? ???????

???? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???  ?? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???. ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ? … ???????? ?? ????????? ??????? ?????. ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? to ? ???? ???? to ????? ?????. ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? to ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? to ????? ??????.

????? ???? ?? to ?? ???? ???????

???? ?? to ?? ??? ???? ??? ? ???? “to” ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???. ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? to ??????? ?? ????? “to” ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???. ?? ???? ????? to ?? ????? Infinitive  ???? ??? ????? ????. ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ? ???????? Infinitive ??????? ??:

  • to be
  • to have
  • to hold
  • to sleep
  • to spend

???? with to ?? ??????? ???? “ed-” ?? “ing-” ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??????. ?? ???? ?????  Gerund ? Participles  ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???  ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????.

????? ???? ?? to ? ??? ???? ???

???? ?? to ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???????. ??? ???? ??? (Base Form) ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ? ???? to ???? ????? ???????? ???:

  • be
  • have
  • hold
  • sleep
  • spend
??????? ???? ???????

????????? ???? ?? to ?? ???? ???????

?? ???????? ???? with to ?? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????. ?? ?????? ?? ?? ????? “???”? “???” ? “???” ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ???. ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ?? to ????? ??????.

?? ????? ?????

???? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?? to ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? (Direct Object) ?? ????? ??? ?????? (Indirect Object) ???. ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? to ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? “??” ??????? ?????. ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? to ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ????.

I want to be an astronaut.

?? ???????? ??????? ???.

(??? want ???.)

Shane asked to have another hamburger.

??? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????.

(??? ask ???)

???? ??? ?????

The manager promised to hold the job for me.

???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????.

(??? promise ???.)

Try to sleep a little more before our flight.

??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???????.

(??? try ???.)

Chuck hopes to spend less than $30 on his haircut.

??? ??????? ??? ???? ?? 30 ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???

#ctaText??#  ????? ??? ????? ? ????? ?? ???? ???????

(??? hope ???.)

????

??? ?? ???

???????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? to ??? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????. ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??????.

Its too hard to be an astronaut.

??????? ???? ???? ??? ???.

(??? too hard ???.)

Shane is too full to have another hamburger.

??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ???.

(??? too full ???.)

The manager is nice to hold the job for me.

???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???????.

(??? nice ???.)

Its smart to sleep before our flight.

????????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???????.

(??? smart ???.)

Chuck is wealthy enough to spend $30 on his haircut.

??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ???????? 30 ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???.

(??? wealthy enough ???.)

????

?? ????? ????

???? ?? to ??? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????. ????? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????. ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? to be or not to be ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ???.

???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? to ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ????.

To be an astronaut is my dream.

??????? ???? ????? ?? ???.

To have a hamburger was what she  wanted.

????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????????.

To hold the job was what the manager promised.

???? ??? ?????

??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???.

To sleep before the flight is a good idea.

??????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???.

To spend $30 on a haircut is out of the question.

 30 ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????????? ????.

???? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????. ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????. ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? Gerund ???? verb + ing  ????? ????. ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? Gerund ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????. ???? ???? ???????? ???????:

To be an astronaut is my dream.

Being an astronaut is my dream.

???? ???? to

?? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? to ? ???? ???? to ????? ?? ????. ???? ???? to ????? ???? ?? to ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ? ???? ????? ??  ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?????. ??????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??:

  • can
  • could
  • may
  • might
  • shall
  • should
  • will
  • would
  • ought to
  • must

???? ??

???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ? ????? ???? ???? ????.

could be an astronaut.

?? ???????? ??????? ???.

Alex might have another hamburger.

???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????.

Can the manager hold the job for me?

??? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????

You should sleep a little more before our flight.

??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??????.

Chuck wont spend more than $30 on his haircut.

#ctaText??#  ??? will/would ?? ???? ???????

??? ??? ?? 30 ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???????.

????

???? ???? ???? ?? to ?? ???? ???????

?? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? to ?? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?????. ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? to ?? ??? ???? ???? ? ????? ???? ???? ????.

love

She loves to wear colorful dresses.

?? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ?????.

need

need to leave early today.

???? ????? ??? ????.

afford

We cant afford to eat out every night.

?? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??????.

agree

We agreed to meet again the following Monday.

????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? [??????] ?? ?????? ????.

appear

She appears to have the chicken pox.

?? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ?????????? ????.

????

???? ??? ?????

arrange

Ill arrange to meet you at 3:00.

?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? 3:00 ????????.

attempt

We attempted to contact him several times.

??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??????.

beg

She begged to stay up past her bedtime.

?????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????.

care

Would you care to dance?

???? ???? ??????

????

???? ??? ?????

choose

Hell always choose to eat pizza if given the choice.

?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ????.

claim

They claim to have been home all night.

????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????????.

dare

Do you dare to approach me?

???? ???? ?? ?? ????? ????

decide

We decided to go on a picnic.

????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????.

demand

demand to know who said that!

?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???!

???? ??? ?????

deserve

You deserve to have all you want in life.

??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ?????.

determined

They are determined to finish the race.

????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????.

expect

Do you expect to see her any time soon?

??? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???????

fail

She failed to achieve any of her goals.

?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????.

???? ??? ?????

happen

happen to have all the things you need.

??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ????.

help

It would help to be able to swim.

??? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????.

????? Infinitive

hesitate

He hesitated to ask for the day off.

?? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????.

hope

She hopes to be engaged by the end of the summer.

?? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ???.

learn

Were learning to communicate better.

?? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????.

long

Oh, how he longed to hold her in his arms!

??? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?????!

????

???? ??? ?????

manage

Have you managed to complete your work on time for once?

??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?????

mean

didnt mean to hurt you.

#ctaText??#  ??? ?? ???? ??????? ????? what is a verb

??? ?????? ????? ?? ??????.

need

You need to think before you speak.

???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???.

neglect

He neglected to tell his parents about the accident.

?? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??.

offer

Jim offered to help me pack.

??? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ???.

plan

What do you plan to do after college?

??? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????

prepare

Im preparing to run away.

???? ??? ?????

???? ???? ???? ????? ????.

pretend

Dont pretend to sleep when Im talking to you.

???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???

promise

promise to love you forever.

??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????.

refuse

She refused to sign the documents.

?? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???.

resolve

He has resolved never to fight again.

?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????.

seem

They seem to be having an argument.

?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????

????

???? ??? ?????

stop

We stopped to buy some flowers.

?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????.

swear

Do you swear to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth?

??? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ? ???? ?? ????? ???????

tend

tend to laugh when Im nervous.

???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????.

threaten

He threatened to shoot me if I didnt give him my wallet.

?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???.

use

My brother bought spray paint, which he used to cover up the graffiti.

?????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? (????? ??? ?????) ??????? ?????.

volunteer

They volunteered to paint kids faces at the fair.

???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ????? ????.

vow

We vowed to love and cherish one another.

?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????.

???? ??? ?????

want

Do you really want to hurt me?

??? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ?????

wish

Do you wish to see me cry?

???? ???? ??????? ?? ??????

would hate

would hate to be in his shoes.

????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????.

would like

The gentleman would like to accompany the lady home.

??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ????.

would like

would like to order a hamburger.

???????? ?????? ????? ???.

would prefer

Max would prefer to go bowling, but Janet wants to see a movie.

??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ?????.

Study English

????????

?? ??? ????? ????? to ?? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??????. ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? to ?? ????? ?????? ???? ? ??? ?? ??? ???. ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? to ?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? to ???? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????. ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? “Gerund” ? “Infinitive” ????? ? ????? ???.

????? ????
????? ???? ? ?????? ?? ???? ???????
????? ????
????? ing ??? ???? ? ?? ????? ??? ing ?? ?????