?? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? to ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? Infinitive ???????. ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ????? ing- ??????? ?? ???? ? ?? ???? Gerund ???????. ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?? to ?? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??????. ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???.
????? ???? ?? ???? ???????
???? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???. ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ? … ???????? ?? ????????? ??????? ?????. ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? to ? ???? ???? to ????? ?????. ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? to ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? to ????? ??????.
????? ???? ?? to ?? ???? ???????
???? ?? to ?? ??? ???? ??? ? ???? “to” ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???. ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? to ??????? ?? ????? “to” ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???. ?? ???? ????? to ?? ????? Infinitive ???? ??? ????? ????. ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ? ???????? Infinitive ??????? ??:
- to be
- to have
- to hold
- to sleep
- to spend
???? with to ?? ??????? ???? “ed-” ?? “ing-” ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??????. ?? ???? ????? Gerund ? Participles ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????.
????? ???? ?? to ? ??? ???? ???
???? ?? to ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???????. ??? ???? ??? (Base Form) ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ? ???? to ???? ????? ???????? ???:
- be
- have
- hold
- sleep
- spend
????????? ???? ?? to ?? ???? ???????
?? ???????? ???? with to ?? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????. ?? ?????? ?? ?? ????? “???”? “???” ? “???” ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ???. ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ?? to ????? ??????.
?? ????? ?????
???? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?? to ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? (Direct Object) ?? ????? ??? ?????? (Indirect Object) ???. ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? to ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? “??” ??????? ?????. ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? to ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ????.
I want to be an astronaut.
?? ???????? ??????? ???.
(??? want ???.)
Shane asked to have another hamburger.
??? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????.
(??? ask ???)
???? ??? ?????
The manager promised to hold the job for me.
???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????.
(??? promise ???.)
Try to sleep a little more before our flight.
??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???????.
(??? try ???.)
Chuck hopes to spend less than $30 on his haircut.
??? ??????? ??? ???? ?? 30 ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???
(??? hope ???.)
??? ?? ???
???????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? to ??? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????. ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??????.
Its too hard to be an astronaut.
??????? ???? ???? ??? ???.
(??? too hard ???.)
Shane is too full to have another hamburger.
??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ???.
(??? too full ???.)
The manager is nice to hold the job for me.
???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???????.
(??? nice ???.)
Its smart to sleep before our flight.
????????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???????.
(??? smart ???.)
Chuck is wealthy enough to spend $30 on his haircut.
??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ???????? 30 ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???.
(??? wealthy enough ???.)
?? ????? ????
???? ?? to ??? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????. ????? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????. ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? to be or not to be ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ???.
???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? to ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ????.
To be an astronaut is my dream.
??????? ???? ????? ?? ???.
To have a hamburger was what she wanted.
????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????????.
To hold the job was what the manager promised.
???? ??? ?????
??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???.
To sleep before the flight is a good idea.
??????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???.
To spend $30 on a haircut is out of the question.
30 ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????????? ????.
???? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????. ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????. ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? Gerund ???? verb + ing ????? ????. ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? Gerund ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????. ???? ???? ???????? ???????:
To be an astronaut is my dream.
Being an astronaut is my dream.
???? ???? to
?? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? to ? ???? ???? to ????? ?? ????. ???? ???? to ????? ???? ?? to ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?????. ??????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??:
- can
- could
- may
- might
- shall
- should
- will
- would
- ought to
- must
???? ??
???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ? ????? ???? ???? ????.
I could be an astronaut.
?? ???????? ??????? ???.
Alex might have another hamburger.
???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????.
Can the manager hold the job for me?
??? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????
You should sleep a little more before our flight.
??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??????.
Chuck wont spend more than $30 on his haircut.
??? ??? ?? 30 ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???????.
???? ???? ???? ?? to ?? ???? ???????
?? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? to ?? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?????. ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? to ?? ??? ???? ???? ? ????? ???? ???? ????.
love
She loves to wear colorful dresses.
?? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ?????.
need
I need to leave early today.
???? ????? ??? ????.
afford
We cant afford to eat out every night.
?? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??????.
agree
We agreed to meet again the following Monday.
????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? [??????] ?? ?????? ????.
appear
She appears to have the chicken pox.
?? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ?????????? ????.
???? ??? ?????
arrange
Ill arrange to meet you at 3:00.
?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? 3:00 ????????.
attempt
We attempted to contact him several times.
??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??????.
beg
She begged to stay up past her bedtime.
?????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????.
care
Would you care to dance?
???? ???? ??????
???? ??? ?????
choose
Hell always choose to eat pizza if given the choice.
?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ????.
claim
They claim to have been home all night.
????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????????.
dare
Do you dare to approach me?
???? ???? ?? ?? ????? ????
decide
We decided to go on a picnic.
????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????.
demand
I demand to know who said that!
?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???!
???? ??? ?????
deserve
You deserve to have all you want in life.
??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ?????.
determined
They are determined to finish the race.
????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????.
expect
Do you expect to see her any time soon?
??? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???????
fail
She failed to achieve any of her goals.
?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????.
???? ??? ?????
happen
I happen to have all the things you need.
??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ????.
help
It would help to be able to swim.
??? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????.
hesitate
He hesitated to ask for the day off.
?? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????.
hope
She hopes to be engaged by the end of the summer.
?? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ???.
learn
Were learning to communicate better.
?? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????.
long
Oh, how he longed to hold her in his arms!
??? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?????!
???? ??? ?????
manage
Have you managed to complete your work on time for once?
??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?????
mean
I didnt mean to hurt you.
??? ?????? ????? ?? ??????.
need
You need to think before you speak.
???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???.
neglect
He neglected to tell his parents about the accident.
?? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??.
offer
Jim offered to help me pack.
??? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ???.
plan
What do you plan to do after college?
??? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????
prepare
Im preparing to run away.
???? ??? ?????
???? ???? ???? ????? ????.
pretend
Dont pretend to sleep when Im talking to you.
???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???
promise
I promise to love you forever.
??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????.
refuse
She refused to sign the documents.
?? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???.
resolve
He has resolved never to fight again.
?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????.
seem
They seem to be having an argument.
?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????
???? ??? ?????
stop
We stopped to buy some flowers.
?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????.
swear
Do you swear to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth?
??? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ? ???? ?? ????? ???????
tend
I tend to laugh when Im nervous.
???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????.
threaten
He threatened to shoot me if I didnt give him my wallet.
?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???.
use
My brother bought spray paint, which he used to cover up the graffiti.
?????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? (????? ??? ?????) ??????? ?????.
volunteer
They volunteered to paint kids faces at the fair.
???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ????? ????.
vow
We vowed to love and cherish one another.
?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????.
???? ??? ?????
want
Do you really want to hurt me?
??? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ?????
wish
Do you wish to see me cry?
???? ???? ??????? ?? ??????
would hate
I would hate to be in his shoes.
????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????.
would like
The gentleman would like to accompany the lady home.
??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ????.
would like
I would like to order a hamburger.
???????? ?????? ????? ???.
would prefer
Max would prefer to go bowling, but Janet wants to see a movie.
??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ?????.
????????
?? ??? ????? ????? to ?? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??????. ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? to ?? ????? ?????? ???? ? ??? ?? ??? ???. ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? to ?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? to ???? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????. ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? “Gerund” ? “Infinitive” ????? ? ????? ???.
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