ساختارهای موازی و توازن در زبان انگلیسی
توازن درباره ی آن اجزای جمله است که از لحاظ ساختار گرامی یکسان هستند. چنین اجزایی را “ساختارهای موازی ” می نامند. راه های مختلفی برای ایجاد این ساختارها وجود دارد. موارد زیر مثال های خوبی از توازن هستند.
- Easy come, easy go.
- Like father, like son.
- What goes around comes around.
Yes: ساختاری که پررنگ نوشته شده، با ساختارهای قبل از خودش موازی هست.
No: ساختاری که پررنگ نوشته شده، با ساختارهای قبل از خودش موازی نیست
.
Examples:
- No: The team arrived at the cave to photograph the bats, explore the cave, and to collect guano.
- Yes: The team arrived at the cave to photograph the bats, explore the cave, and collect guano.
- Yes: The team arrived at the cave to photograph the bats, to explore the cave, and to collect guano. .
- No: They described him as a charismatic leader, a competent lawyer, and a politician of good experience.
- Yes: They described him as a charismatic leader, a competent lawyer, and an experienced politician.
- No: The employer is looking for workers who are strong, healthy and having a lot of energy.
- Yes: The employer is looking for workers who are strong, healthy and energetic.
اجزای جمله ای که ساختار گرامری یکسان دارند با ادات همپایه ای مثل and, or ,butبهم وصل میشوند؛ در مثال های ذیل ، ادات همپایه با خط زیرشان مشخص شده اند.
Examples:
- Sailing and fishing are what the two brothers often do together. (Gerunds)
- He was tall, dark, handsome, plump, but not muscular. (Adjectives)
- You are welcome to participate in the game or to watch. (Infinitives)
در جملات زیر، اجزا بصورت عبارت در فهرست یا ردیف آمده اند.
مثال:
Examples:
- What we know is what we heard.
- o ( جمله واره های wh دار : اجزا موازی هستند و با فعل های ربطی بهم متصل شده اند.)
- You missed it because you looked in the cabinet, on top of the cabinet, but not under the cabinet.
- o ( عبارت های پررنگ همه عبارت های حرف اضافه ای هستند.)
- That’s all I had for breakfast: a slice of bread, a knob of butter, a lump of cheese, and a piece of ham.
- o (همه عبارت ها ، عبارت اسمی جزیی هستند.)
وقتی یک حرف ربط جفتی (either/or, neither/nor, not only/but also, both/and, whether/or) در جمله داریم حتما باید با دو ساختار موازی بیاید. مثلا اگر یک فعل بعد از either باشد حتما باید بعد از orیک فعل دیگر بیاید.
مثال:
Examples:
- Tomorrow, she will either go to her first boyfriend’s birthday party or attend her second boyfriend’s home-warming party.
- Bob was neither going to eat too much food nor letting himself get overweight.
- Her only goal in life is not only to marry a billionaire but also to impress all her friends with her wealth.
- Both my maternal grandmother and his maternal grandmother are twins.
- Sharon has a set of quintuplets and will now decide whether to give up her job or to hire a couple of nannies.
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