participle ?? ???? ??????? ?????
???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????. ? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? participle ? present participle ???? ???? ? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?????.
Participle (??? ???? ???) ?????
?? ??? ???? ? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ? ?? ???? ???. Participle ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?????. Participle ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ing ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????.
be = being
laugh = laughing
hope = hoping
participle ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ????? ed ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???????. ???? ??? participle ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ? ??? ?????? ( participial adjective) ??? ?????. ????? ?? ??? ?? ? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????.
????????? ? ???? ?????
????????? ???? ??? ? ???? ????????
Present participle ( participle ???? ???) ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? to be ???? ????? ??? ???????? ( is , are) ?? ????? ???????? (was , were) ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???. ????? ??? ???? ? present participle ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???.
????:
Examples:
The whole family is watching the sun set..
She has burned the potatoes.
( ?????? ? ??? present participle watching ?? ??? ???? is ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???. ?? ???? ??? past participle burned ??? ?? ??? ???? has ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????.)
She is flying a heart-shaped kite.
The dogs are barking at each other.
The patient was moaning loudly with pain.
Dark clouds were gathering in the sky.
????????? ? ???? ??? ???
??? ??? ???? ? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????.
He is writing a story of a monkey that behaves like a human being. (Present continuous tense??? ????? ? )
They swear they are going to kill him if they ever find him. (Present continuous tense??? ?????? )
The same gang has kidnapped the rich mans daughter twice for ransoms. (Present perfect tense ??? ???? ?)
Farmer Brown believes snakes have swallowed twenty of his chickens in a week. (Present perfect tense ??? ????? )
They had been arguing endlessly before their divorce. (Past continuous tense ????? ????? ? )
The late professor had gone in that cave many times to photograph bats. (Past perfect tense????? ????? )
Kate had known her pet cat would die before it died. (Past perfect tense????? ????? )
Both of us will be doing the yoga this evening. (Future continuous tense????? ?????? )
We will have visited him if we know he was flown to hospital by helicopter. (Future perfect tense????? ????? )
2)present participle (???)
Present participle ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ( walking shoes) ? ?????? ??? ( a grouping of selected plans ) ? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???????( nonfinite clause) (?Arriving too early at the railway station, he found a seat for a nap.) .
Present participle ?????? ???
Present participle ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ( participial adjective ) ?????? ?????. Participle
?????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ? ?? ???. ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ( participial adjectives) ????? ????? ??? ???.
????:
We had to run as fast as we could in the pouring rain.
( present participle – pouring? ??? ?? ??? ??? rain ?? ????? ?????.)
I have spent one hour, maybe more, looking for my missing car keys.
Creatures from an alien planet were our leading topic of conversation.
His failing eyesight makes it hard for him to recognize his own daughter.
The crumbling monument to the former leader was pulled down.
????? present participle ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????.
Participle?? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ? ??????? ?? ??? ????? participial ?? ????? ???? ?????. ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???????. ? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???.
????:
Arriving late, Sam was told to apologize.
(arriving late ????? participial ?? ?? ??? ??? ? Sam ?? ????? ?????.)
The shadowy figure disappearing into the darkness was thought to be a ghost.(The participial phrase disappearing into the darkness modifies the noun figure.)
disappearing into the darkness ????? participial???? ?? ???figure ?? ????? ???????.)
Being the last train, it carried only one passenger and his dog.
(Being the last train ????? participial ???? ?? ??? ??? ? ???? it ?? ????? ?????.)
Looking at the sea, he said there must be plenty of fish in the sea.
(The participial phrase looking at the sea modifies the pronoun he.)
(????? participial looking at the sea – ? ????he ?? ????? ?????.)
Raising our glasses, we toasted the bride and groom.
(The participial phrase raising our glasses modifies the pronoun we.)
( ????? participial – raising our glasses ???? we ?? ????? ?????.)
Present participle ?????? ???
???? ????? ???? ???????? ? present participle ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???.? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???( gerund ?????? ?????.) . ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???. ?? ???? ??? ??? present participle ????? ????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ? ???? ??? ???.
????:
We heard terrified screaming for help in the park.
She does her weekly shopping on Sunday.
We could hear the distant howling of a wolf.
It was good timing to reach home just before it started to rain.
There was much loud cheering from their supporters.
3)present participle ( ?)
Present participle ? ??? ???? ???? ??
Present participle ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ????.
????:
Tom got into the car. He slammed the door hard.
Tom got into the car and slammed the door hard.
Tom got into the car slamming the door hard.
Sue picked up the bill for their meal. She asked him to pay.
Sue picked up the bill for their meal and asked him to pay..
Sue picked up the bill for their meal asking him to pay.
Present participle ?? ???? ???? ??????
?? ??????? ??present participle ?? ???? ???? ?????? ? ???? ? ??? ??? ?????? . ???? ??????? ?????.
????:
After he wrote a book about his life in prison, he was imprisoned again for murder.
After writing a book about his life in prison, he was imprisoned again for murder.
Since she became the Manager, she has put on more weight.
Since becoming the Manager, she has put on more weight.
We had been warned that the food there was unhealthy, so we went to another restaurant..
Having been warned that the food there was unhealthy, we went to another restaurant. .
As he was the only child in the family, he begged his mother for a sibling.
Being the only child in the family, he begged his mother for a sibling.
Unless you agree to the rules, you are not allowed to participate.
Unless agreeing to the rules, you are not allowed to participate.
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